Penny 30: Mark 10 L 14" Triples
Penny 45: Mark 7 L 14" Triples
You can try the 12" guns on the 30 but spread is the same.
Do not use the 16" duals on the penny, you gimp it of its major advantage, its 12 shell salvo.
The US 14" Trips do not block, their spread is pretty wide even at 120. If its really bad, as mentioned above, Vets and boosts on your gunners can help.
All CA and BBs should have Light HE or if that's not available, HE.